Causes of diabetes

1, with type 1 diabetes-related factors include the following:
Own immune system deficiencies: in patients with type 1 diabetes can be found in the blood of a variety of autoimmune antibodies, such as glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody (GAD antibodies), ICA (ICA antibody). These abnormal antibodies can damage the body's own insulin secretion of insulin B cells, so that it can not be normal insulin secretion.
Genetic factors: the current study was prompted genetic defects of the incidence of type 1 diabetes on the basis that such genetic defects in the performance of the people on the sixth chromosome abnormalities on HLA antigen. The study prompted scientists: I have type 2 diabetes onset familial characteristics - If you are parents with diabetes, people with no family history, you better have that.
Infection may be contributory factors: you may be surprised, many scientists suspect that the virus can also cause type I diabetes. This is because the type I diabetic patients before the onset of a period of time too often infected with the virus, and type I diabetes "epidemic", often appear in the virus after the pandemic. Viruses, such as those caused by mumps and rubella virus can cause polio, as well as the Coxsackie virus family, I can play a role in type 2 diabetes.
Other factors: such as milk, oxygen free radicals, some of the anti-rat, and other drugs, which can cause diabetes, scientists are studying.
2, with type 2 diabetes-related factors
Genetic factors: type 1 diabetes and similar to type 2 diabetes are also characteristics of familial disease. It is very likely that genes and genetic-related. Such genetic characteristics of type 2 diabetes than type 1 diabetes is more obvious. For example: a twin suffering from type 1 diabetes, and the other 40% of the risk of the disease; but if it is Type 2 diabetes, while another 70% of the risk of type 2 diabetes.
Obesity: Type 2 diabetes may be an important factor in obesity. Can cause genetic causes of obesity, the same can also be caused by type 2 diabetes. Center for patients with body-fat excess fat on the abdomen, and fat than those on the buttocks and thighs are more prone to type 2 diabetes.
Age: Age is also a type 2 diabetes risk factors. Half of the patients with type 2 diabetes in more than 55 years after onset. Elderly patients are prone to diabetes and older people vulnerable to overloading.
Modern way of life: eating high-calorie food and reduce the amount of exercise can also cause diabetes, some people believe that this is caused due to obesity. Obesity and type 2 diabetes, like those in the diet and activity have been used to "Westernization" of Asian and Latin American businessmen in the United States and more popular.
3, diabetes and pregnancy-related factors
Hormone: pregnancy when the placenta will have a variety of fetal development for the growth hormone, the hormones for the healthy growth of the fetus is very important, but it can block the mother's insulin in the body and therefore lead to diabetes. The 24th week of pregnancy, 28 of these hormone cycle is a peak period of pregnancy diabetes is often made of the time.
Genetic basis: the occurrence of gestational diabetes in patients with type 2 diabetes in the future risk of a large (but has nothing to do with type 1 diabetes). This is why some people believe that pregnancy caused by diabetes genes with type 2 diabetes caused by the gene may be related to each other.
Obesity: Obesity is not only easily lead to Type 2 diabetes, also can cause gestational diabetes.
Against diabetes
There is no cure diabetes, the main hazard is its complications, particularly chronic complications.
Acute complications
Diabetic patients with infection: a high incidence of the two reinforce each other, we must Virtue. Common infections, including tuberculosis and respiratory infections, urinary tract infections and skin infections.
Diabetic hyperosmolar syndrome: occur in middle-aged and old, half of the non-diabetic history, clinical manifestations, including severe dehydration, sometimes as a result of paralysis, coma, and other clinical manifestations have been misdiagnosed as cerebral vascular accident, the mortality rate as high as 50%.
Lactic acidosis: Patients with more heart, liver, kidney disease history, or shock, infection, lack of oxygen, drinking, taking a large number of hypoglycemic Ling history of non-specific symptoms, a high mortality rate.
Chronic complications
Large blood vessel complications:
(1) and cerebrovascular: prevalence rate than non-diabetic 3 times higher, diabetes is the main cause of premature deaths or disability, plug-and cerebrovascular diseases more common;
(2) Cardiovascular: The rate of disease in patients with non-diabetic higher than 3 times, is the main reason for premature deaths, in patients with diabetes, coronary heart disease more often in order. Clinical features include a high incidence of coronary heart disease and early onset, diabetes female cardiovascular disease incidence increased more evident, painless myocardial infarction, and other clinical manifestations of atypical found, and so on;
(3) lower limb blood vessels: The prevalence rate than non-diabetic 5 times higher, diabetes and lower extremity amputations are caused by vascular disease than non-diabetic patients with more than 10 times, is caused by diabetic patients with physical disability of the main reasons.
Microvascular complications:
(1) kidney: prevalence rate than non-diabetic uremia 17 times higher, diabetes, especially in patients with type 2 diabetes Ⅰ premature deaths, the main reason. Patients may have proteinuria, high blood pressure, swelling, such as performance, advanced renal failure occurred;
(2) eyes: blind than non-diabetic 25 times higher, diabetes is one of the major reasons disablement.
Neurological complications:
(1) sensory nerve: pain, numbness, hypersensitivity;
(2) motor: seen neural paralysis caused by a single motor, can be partial muscle atrophy;
(3) autonomic: unusual sweating, blood pressure and heart rate, urine retention or incontinence, impotence and diarrhea or constipation, and so on.
Epidemiological studies show that
Patients with type 1 diabetes in the first 2 years occurred in diabetic retinopathy accounted for 2%, more than 15 years the incidence of diabetic retinopathy as much as 98%
Patients with type 2 diabetes for 20 years, the use of insulin or use insulin patients with diabetic retinopathy rates were 60% and 84%
Early retinopathy may occur as bleeding, edema, microvascular tumor, such as leaking the background of change, then the late emergence of new blood vessels proliferative lesions, a view that this disease is often irreversible, leading to diabetes is a major cause of blindness. Although good blood glucose control can delay and reduce the development of diabetic retinopathy, but could not prevent the development of diabetic retinopathy.
Diabetes and genetic
Genetic diabetes will it?
Diabetes and genetic factors, if the parents are diabetic patients, children born with diabetes significantly increased the chance. Use of blood glucose test blood sugar value is credible. Blood glucose meter and blood glucose test measured blood glucose values gap is relatively small. With regard to the issue of whether the medication, you can start eating and control about an hour after meals to carry out appropriate amount of physical activity, sport, in order to heat the body to sweat, and adhere to a month. Attention to the monitoring of blood sugar, such as fasting blood glucose in the 7mmol / L over, we need to increase the service hypoglycemic medication.
After decades of research, agreed that diabetes is more than a cause of the syndrome. Because the relatives of diabetes patients in the incidence of diabetes than non-diabetics in the family, so that a genetic tendency to diabetes. Britain Pyke single observation twins diabetes for 20 years, in 1982, he summed up the 200 pairs of monozygotic twins diabetes analysis of the survey. One single-diabetic twins consistency (that is, in two different times after birth, are suffering from diabetes), non-insulin-dependent diabetes for 90.6%, insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus for 54.4 percent, non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus genetic tendency Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus than the more remarkable. Genetic tendency to diabetes, and both parents are diabetic, his son is not the generation of 100% are suffering from diabetes, only 5% have diabetes, if only one parent has diabetes, diabetes-generation opportunity to fewer, and often inter-generational Genetic. Research shows that diabetes is not a single genetic inheritance, but more mutations. And diabetes is not a genetic disease, but susceptibility to diabetes, there must be some environmental factors to the occurrence of diabetes.